Although neurons are normally unable to regenerate their axons after injury to the CNS, this
situation can be partially reversed by activating the innate immune system. In a widely …

OBJECTIVE Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is the primary modality for treating brain
metastases. However, effective radiosurgical control of brain metastases ≥ 2 cm in maximum …

Introduction: Overuse of antibiotics has contributed to the development of organism resistance.
The acquisition of antibiotics without prescription by the general population seems to be …

Study Design: Narrative review. Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)
have emerged as disruptive technologies with the potential to drastically affect clinical …

OBJECTIVE Spinal schwannoma remains the third most common intradural spinal tumor
following spinal meningioma and ependymoma. The available literature is generally limited to …

Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of antibody variable region genes is initiated in germinal
center B cells during an immune response by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), …

Purpose Chordomas account for 1% to 4% of all bone malignancies and 0.5% of all primary
intracranial central nervous system tumors. Prior epidemiologic literature is based on limited …

Introduction Central neurocytoma (CN) and extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) are rare
intracranial tumors. There is a paucity of studies reporting the population-based incidence of …

Purpose Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection is associated with patient morbidity and high
cost. We conducted a systematic review of the current evidence of comprehensive surgical …

OBJECTIVE In clinical spine surgery research, manually reviewing surgical forms to categorize
patients by their surgical characteristics is a crucial yet time-consuming task. Natural …