With an aging population, there is a proportional increase in the prevalence of intervertebral
disc diseases. Intervertebral disc diseases are the leading cause of lower back pain and …

Background When considering various risk factors such as age, comorbidities, and complications
related to the surgical procedure itself, open surgery in degenerative spinal stenosis is …

Degenerative disc disease is a leading cause of chronic back pain in the aging population in
the world. Sinuvertebral nerve and basivertebral nerve are postulated to be associated with …

Innovations in the development of endoscopic spinal surgery were classified into different
generations and reviewed. Future developments and directions for endoscopic spinal surgery …

Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is being treated with limited indication by
percutaneous full endoscopic lumbar discectomy. However, microscopic lumbar discectomy (MLD) …

Objectives Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) for high-grade
migrated disc herniation has been regarded as a challenging task, but because of the …

Objective We sought to review the types of incidental durotomies (IDs) that occurred during
the endoscopic stenosis lumbar decompression through interlaminar approach (ESLD) and …

Objective Percutaneous endoscopic contralateral interlaminar lumbar foraminotomy (PECILF)
for lumbar degenerative spinal stenosis is an established procedure. Better preservation …

In the first phase of development of lumbar endoscopic spine surgery, the focus was on
removal of soft disc material through the working corridor of Kambin’s triangle using …

Objective The aim of this article was to analyze risk factors for secondary new vertebral
compression fractures (SNVCFs) after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporosis. …