Lumbar disc degeneration is one of the leading causes of chronic low back pain. The
degenerative cascade is often initiated by an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic …

Tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have demonstrated efficacy in the clinic,
becoming an important approach for cancer immunotherapy. Due to its limited expression on …

OBJECTIVE Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common and challenging pathology to
treat due to both the historically high recurrence rate following surgical evacuation and the …

Background Addition of anti‐GD2 antibody ch14.18 to the treatment of neuroblastoma has
improved outcomes. The most common side effect of ch14.18 is neuropathic pain, which may …

The human intervertebral disc (IVD) is a complex organ composed of fibrous and cartilaginous
connective tissues, and it serves as a boundary between 2 adjacent vertebrae. It provides …

Introduction Surgical decompression is standard care in the treatment of degenerative
spondylolisthesis in patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis, but there remains …

Background: Image-guided spinal surgery (IGSS) underwent rapid development over the past
decades. The goal of IGSS is to increase patient safety and improve workflow. We present …

OBJECTIVE Minimally invasive endoscope-assisted approaches to the anterior skull base
offer an alternative to traditional open craniotomies. Given the restrictive operative corridor, …

Spinal surgery is undergoing a major transformation toward a minimally invasive paradigm.
This shift is being driven by multiple factors, including the need to address spinal problems …

Strong forces are pushing minimally invasive spinal surgery (MISS) to the forefront of spine
care. Less-invasive surgical techniques have been enabled by a variety of technical …