Study Design. Narrative review. Objective. To provide a comprehensive narrative review of
cervical alignment parameters, the methods for quantifying cervical alignment, normal …

Introduction Aging of the spine is characterized by facet joints arthritis, degenerative disc
disease and atrophy of extensor muscles resulting in a progressive kyphosis. Recent studies …

The static sagittal balance of the normal spine is a physiological alignment of the spine in
the most efficient manner by the muscular forces. During gait, this balance is constantly …

Introduction Aging spine is characterized by facet joints arthritis, degenerative disc disease,
bone remodeling and atrophy of extensor muscles resulting in a progressive kyphosis of the …

Introduction The adoption by humans of an upright position resulted in broadening and
verticalisation of the pelvis together with the appearance of characteristic spinal curves, has …

Background Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) evidence-based protocols for
perioperative care have led to improvements in outcomes in numerous surgical areas, through …

Introduction Bipedalism is a distinguishing feature of the human race and is characterised by
a narrow base of support and an ergonomically optimal position thanks to the appearance …

The measure of radiographic pelvic and spinal parameters for sagittal balance analysis has
gained importance in reconstructive surgery of the spine and particularly in degenerative …

Purpose Sagittal balance analysis has gained importance and the measure of the radiographic
spinopelvic parameters is now a routine part of many interventions of spine surgery. …

Introduction Cervical spine is part of the spine with the most mobility in the sagittal plane. It is
important for surgeons to have reliable, simple and reproducible parameters to analyse the …