Study Design. To determine the effect of cage/spacer stiffness on the stresses in the bone
graft and cage subsidence. Objective. To investigate the effect of cage stiffness on the …

Study Design. A multidisciplinary study involving clinical, histologic, biomechanical, biologic,
and immunohistologic approaches. Objective. To clarify the pathomechanism of …

Study Design. Finite element model of L3–S1 segment and confirmatory cadaveric testing
were used to investigate the biomechanical effects of a mobile core type artificial disc (Charité …

Study Design. Epidemiological analysis using CTs. Objective. To investigate the true incidence
of lumbar spondylolysis in the general population in Japan. Summary of Background …

Background Lumbar spondylolysis is a defect of the pars interarticularis known to occur as a
stress fracture. Its incidence varies considerably depending on ethnicity, sex, and sports …

Study Design. A histologic, biologic, and immunohistochemical assessment using human
samples of lumbar ligamentum flavum. Objective. To clarify the pathomechanism of loss of …

Study Design. A histologic, biologic, and immunohistochemical assessment using human
samples of the lumbar ligamentum flavum. Objective. To prove our hypothesis that hypertrophy …

Study Design. Clinical review of pediatric patients with lumbar spondylolysis and
biomechanical analysis using finite-element lumbar spine model. Objectives. To evaluate the …

Background Unilateral spondylolysis is common in youths; its clinical and biomechanical
features, especially effects on the contralateral side, are not fully understood. Hypothesis …

Transforaminal (TF) percutaneous endoscopic surgery for the lumbar spine under the local
anesthesia was initiated in 2003 in Japan. Since it requires only an 8-mm skin incision and …