Most methods to culture cells in three dimensions depend on a cell-seedable biomaterial to
define the global structure of the culture and the microenvironment of the cells. Efforts to …

For several decades, various approaches have been used to replace bone lost to trauma and
disease. In 1908, Lexer 1 described attempts to reconstruct joints with newly amputated or …

A major challenge in tissue engineering is the generation of cell-seeded implants with
structures that mimic native tissue, both in anatomic geometries and intratissue cell distributions. …

3D printing of biological tissues has been of increasing interest to the biomaterials community
in part because of its potential to produce spatially heterogeneous constructs. Such …

Numerous studies have described the effects of matrix stiffening on cell behavior using two-dimensional
synthetic surfaces; however, less is known about the effects of matrix stiffening …

Tumor microvasculature tends to be malformed, more permeable, and more tortuous than
vessels in healthy tissue, effects that have been largely attributed to up-regulated VEGF …

Type I collagen is a favorable substrate for cell adhesion and growth and is remodelable by
many tissue cells; these characteristics make it an attractive material for the study of dynamic …

This article reviews the important developments in the field of tissue engineering over the
last 10 years. Research in the area of biomaterials is examined from the perspective of …

Over one million patients per year undergo some type of procedure involving cartilage
reconstruction. Polymer hydrogels, such as alginate, have been shown to be effective carriers for …

As a result of the low yield of cartilage from primary patient harvests and a high demand for
autologous cartilage for reconstructive surgery and structural repair, primary explant cartilage …