OBJECTIVE Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are among the most common intracranial tumors.
Understanding the clinical effects of various modifiable risk factors (MRFs) and nonmodifiable …

OBJECTIVE Frailty is a clinical state of increased vulnerability due to age-associated decline
and has been well established as a perioperative risk factor. Geriatric patients have a …

Purpose Functional pituitary adenomas (FPAs) cause severe neuro-endocrinopathies
including Cushing’s disease (CD) and acromegaly. While many are effectively cured following …

Background Surgical approaches to pineal lesions present a challenge because of limited
visibility and maneuverability within the posterior fossa. The supracerebellar infratentorial (…

OBJECTIVE Spondylolisthesis is a common operative disease in the United States, but robust
predictive models for patient outcomes remain limited. The development of models that …

OBJECTIVE Spine surgery is especially susceptible to malpractice claims. Critics of the US
medical liability system argue that it drives up costs, whereas proponents argue it deters …

OBJECTIVE Internal carotid artery injury (ICAI) is a rare, life-threatening complication of
endoscopic endonasal approaches that will be encountered by most skull base neurosurgeons …

At the time of writing of this article, there have been over 110 million cases and 2.4 million
deaths worldwide since the start of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, …

Background Recently, there has been increased interest in patient satisfaction measures
such as Press Ganey and Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and …

OBJECTIVE Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent associated with reduced blood
loss and mortality in a wide range of procedures, including spine surgery, traumatic brain …