Total disc replacement (TDR) is an innovative procedure that has gained traction in spine
surgery. A large amount of data in the literature report on the short-term outcomes of TDR …

Spinal instrumentations have been classified as rigidfixation, total disc replacement and
dynamic stabilization system for treatment of various spinal disorders. The efficacy and …

Objectives: Identify the etiology of lumbar disc herniations. Review the proper steps in the
evaluation of lumbar disc herniations. Outline the management options available for lumbar …

Abstract Background and Objective Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), or the narrowing of the
spinal canal, continues to be the leading preoperative diagnosis for adults older than 65 …

Lumbar degenerative disc disease is a pathologic process that affects a large portion of our
aging population. In the recent past, surgical treatment has involved fusion procedures …

OBJECTIVE Despite evidence of its safety and effectiveness, the use of lumbar disc
arthroplasty has been slow to expand due in part to concerns about late complications and …

While spinal fusion using rigid rods remains the gold standard treatment modality for various
lumbar degenerative conditions, its adverse effects, including accelerated adjacent segment …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) has been considered the dominant factor in
low back pain (LBP), and its etiological mechanisms are complex and not yet fully …

AIM: To conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy
and safety between total disc replacement (TDR) and fusion surgery for lumbar …

Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide in industrial nations. 1, 2 The
pathology underlying chronic low back pain is associated with numerous factors including …