In the evolving landscape of spinal surgery, technological advancements play a pivotal role
in enhancing surgical outcomes and patient experiences. This paper delves into the cutting …

Study Design. Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Objective. To describe
the learning curve for percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and …

In recent years, full-endoscopic discectomy (FED) has expanded its range of indications with
the development of devices and various techniques. The advantage of FED over …

Purpose To evaluate the relationship between nerve root retraction time, post-operative
radiculitis and patient reported outcomes. Methods Patients who underwent single-or multi …

Objective To compare the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of transforaminal
endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) versus microdiscectomy (MD). Methods The data of …

Objective To describe the perioperative clinical features, management, and outcomes of
patients with seizure after percutaneous endoscopic spine surgery (PESS). Methods …

Objective Executions of indications/extended indications are associated with higher than
normal rates of symptomatic recurrences and treatment failures, especially for novice …

Spine surgery has witnessed significant advancements in endoscopic techniques over the
past several decades. Compared to open approaches, endoscopic spine surgery allows for …

BACKGROUND The coaxial radiography-guided puncture technique (CR-PT) is a novel
technique for endoscopic lumbar discectomy. As the X-ray beam and the puncturing needle …

Background The percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (PETLIF)
has many advantages as a new minimally invasive surgical technique, and its surgical …