Throughout its evolution, spine surgery has migrated toward less invasiveness. For posterior
lumbar surgery, percutaneous techniques together with endoscopic visualization allow for …

In the first phase of development of lumbar endoscopic spine surgery, the focus was on
removal of soft disc material through the working corridor of Kambin's triangle using …

Background: Unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) is a novel minimally invasive technique for
the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar disc herniations. Uniportal endoscopy …

Endoscopic spine surgery has evolved dramatically in last 30 years; with the development of
new improved endoscopic optics and instrumentation limitation of endoscopic spine surgery …

In the past, vertebral endoscopic surgery was mainly performed with the percutaneous
transforaminal approach, but now various approaches including the posterior approach …

" Pocket-sized resource presents endoscopic spine surgery essentials from expert spine
surgeons Atlas of Full-Endoscopic Spine Surgery by internationally renowned spine …

Objective: Several techniques of minimal invasive spinal surgery are now becoming
common roles in the treatment of spinal diseases in many spinal centers. In the present …

Endoscopic surgery has been widely accepted in the whole surgical field, as well as in the
field of spinal surgery. The characteristic of endoscopic surgery is to puts the camera eye in …

Endoscopic spine surgery promises to be the next paradigm shift in the field of minimally
invasive spine surgery (MISS). The use of endoscopy in spine surgery is not a novel …

Purpose Current literature suggests that biportal spinal endoscopy is safe and effective in
treating lumbar spine pathology such as lumbar disc herniation, lumbar stenosis, and …