The goal of a spine surgery is to achieve adequate neural tissue decompression,
maintenance of spinal stability, and successful stabilization of an unstable spine. To achieve …

Many types of surgeries are changing from conventional to minimally invasive techniques.
Techniques in spine surgery have also changed, with endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) …

Innovations in the development of endoscopic spinal surgery were classified into different
generations and reviewed. Future developments and directions for endoscopic spinal …

The aging population around the world leads to increasing incidence of degenerative spinal
conditions. There is a need for a minimally invasive technique in treatment for spinal …

Introduction Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique that
offers comparable efficacy and safety with less collateral damage compared to conventional …

Minimally invasive spine procedures have undergone rapid development during the last
decade. Efforts to decrease muscle crush injuries during prolonged retraction, avoid …

Recently, spine surgery has gradually evolved from conventional open surgery to minimally
invasive surgery, and endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) has become an important procedure …

Endoscopic technology has advanced to the point where practitioners can now access,
visualize, and treat spine pathologies previously only accessible through open surgical …

The development of arthroscopic, endoscopic, robotic, and laparoscopic techniques has
revolutionized the delivery of surgical care throughout the world. Particularly, arthroscopic …

Endoscopic spine surgery promises to be the next paradigm shift in the field of minimally
invasive spine surgery (MISS). The use of endoscopy in spine surgery is not a novel …