Background: The purpose of this study was to record the frequency of lumbar intervertebral
disc vacuum phenomenon on routine lumbar plain films taken prior to transforaminal …

Percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar discectomy (PETLD) has now become a
standard of care for the management of lumbar disc disease. There are two techniques for …

Background A diseased lumbar intervertebral vacuum disc void of any structurally intact
tissue may be vertically unstable. A primary standalone endoscopic decompression and …

Background: Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar disc decompression (TELD) has emerged
as a treatment alternative to open lumbar discectomy, but rates of herniated lumbar disc …

We performed a prospective study to examine the influence of the patient's position on the
location of the abdominal organs, to investigate the possibility of a true lateral approach for …

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the endoscopic technique, as applied
to patients with foraminal and extraforaminal disc herniations, and to report the outcome and …

This study aimed to showcase the authors' preferred technique of a hybrid of modern “inside-
out” and “outside-in” endoscopic decompression. A case series of 411 patients consisting of …

Introduction Since Kambin introduced the concept of percutaneous transforaminal disc
surgery in 1973, there has been numerous advances in the field of spine endoscopy and the …

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze incidence, estimate cost savings, and
evaluate best management practices of complications resulting from outpatient …

Background The endoscopic approach was introduced in the clinical practice in 1980 with
the aim to remove the prolapsed disk and free the compressed nerve using the least …