Spinal endoscopy has the stigma of being reserved for only a few surgeons who can figure
out how to master the steep learning curve and develop clinical practice settings where …

Minimally invasive spine procedures have undergone rapid development during the last
decade. Efforts to decrease muscle crush injuries during prolonged retraction, avoid …

This study was aimed to provide a brief historical perspective to facilitate appreciation of
current techniques, describe outcomes of endoscopic lumbar surgery relative to those of …

With the health care environment becoming increasingly patient centric and cost-conscious,
interest levels in spinal endoscopy are at an all-time high. Patient demand for the least …

Background: Endoscopic lumbar decompression is useful for the treatment of various spinal
conditions and is being performed in an increasing number of patients worldwide. We …

Various spinal diseases and related pain is a very common phenomenon, and it is reported
that more than two-thirds of the population experience these spine related symptoms during …

In the past, the use of endoscopic spine surgery was limited to intervertebral discectomy;
however, it has recently become possible to treat various spinal degenerative diseases …

Endoscopic spine surgery promises to be the next paradigm shift in the field of minimally
invasive spine surgery (MISS). The use of endoscopy in spine surgery is not a novel …

Advancements in both surgical instrumentation and full endoscopic spine techniques have
resulted in positive clinical outcomes in the treatment of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine …

In the first phase of development of lumbar endoscopic spine surgery, the focus was on
removal of soft disc material through the working corridor of Kambin's triangle using …