Table 3

Data analysis of VAS scores and pairwise comparisons.

Descriptive Statistics
VAS	Mean	SD	N
VAS preoperative	7.83	0.88	23
VAS early operative	2.43	1.16	23
VAS 2-y postoperative	1.13	1.42	23

Pairwise Comparisons
Measure: VAS
(I) Time	(J) Time	Mean Difference (IJ)	Std. Error	P Value^{^b}	95% CI for Difference^{^b}
(I) Time	(J) Time	Mean Difference (IJ)	Std. Error	P Value^{^b}	Lower Bound	Upper Bound
1	2	5.39^{^a}	0.19	<0.001	4.88	5.90
	3	6.69^{^a}	0.27	<0.001	5.99	7.39
2	1	−5.39^{^a}	0.19	<0.001	−5.90	−4.88
	3	1.30^{^a}	0.13	<0.001	0.96	1.64
3	1	−6.69^{^a}	0.27	<0.001	−7.39	−5.99
	2	−1.30^{^a}	0.13	<0.001	−1.64	−0.96

Abbreviation: VAS, visual analog scale.
Note: Based on estimated marginal means.
↵a The mean difference is significant at the.
↵b Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Bonferroni.