Adverse events and complications related to irrigation during lumbar spinal endoscopy reported by responding spine surgeons.
| Adverse Events or Complications | n | % | Cumulative % |
| None | 172 | 70.5 | 70.5 |
| Headaches and seizures | |||
| Headache | 11 | 4.5 | 75 |
| Headache and seizure | 2 | 0.8 | 75.8 |
| Headache and seizure, and abdominal pain | 1 | 0.4 | 76.2 |
| Headache and seizure, nerve root injury | 1 | 0.4 | 76.6 |
| Headache, neck pain | 3 | 1.2 | 77.8 |
| Neck pain and seizures | |||
| Neck pain | 12 | 5 | 82.8 |
| Neck pain and seizure | 1 | 0.4 | 83.2 |
| Neck pain and seizure, soft tissue edema | 1 | 0.4 | 83.6 |
| Neck pain and stiffness | 1 | 0.4 | 84 |
| Neck pain, delirium | 1 | 0.4 | 84.4 |
| Nerve damage and neurological deficit | |||
| Nerve root injury | 3 | 1.2 | 85.6 |
| Nerve root injury, infection | 1 | 0.4 | 86 |
| Nerve root injury, seizure | 1 | 0.4 | 86.4 |
| Dural edema | 1 | 0.4 | 86.8 |
| Numbness in lower extremities | 2 | 0.8 | 87.6 |
| Durotomy | 5 | 2 | 89.6 |
| Cauda equina syndrome | 1 | 0.4 | 90 |
| Autonomic dysreflexia with hypertension | |||
| Autonomic dysreflexia with hypertension | 17 | 7.2 | 97.2 |
| Durotomy, headache, and autonomic dysreflexia with hypertension | 1 | 0.4 | 97.6 |
| Paralysis, autonomic dysreflexia with hypertension | 1 | 0.4 | 98 |
| Other adverse events | |||
| Prolonged wakeup from general anesthesia | 1 | 0.4 | 98.4 |
| Prolonged postoperative recovery due to hypovolemia | 17 | 0.4 | 98.8 |
| Soft tissue edema | 2 | 0.8 | 99.6 |
| Epidural hematoma | 1 | 0.4 | 100 |
| Missing response | 1 | 0.4 | 100.4 |
| Total | 244 | 100.0 |
a The cumulative total exceeds 100 due to rounding.