Latest study results (randomized controlled trials).
| Authors/year/hernation type | procedure | operating time (min) /blood loss (ml) | clinical outcome criteria | Reoperations | complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ruetten et al, 2008 lumbar recurrent | TFE, IL FE sequestrectomy | 24 (14 - 43)/ 0 | VAS back: 14 to 15 VAS leg: 79 to 8 ODI: 80 to 20 NASS pain: 4.3 to 2.1 NASS neurology: 2.5 to 2.1 RTW 28 days | 5 overall (11.1%) 3 for recurrent herniation 2 for persistent leg pain | dural tears: 1 transient postopdysesthesia: 2 serious complications: 6% |
| ** overall 9 poor outcomes no subgrouping | microsurgical sequestrectomy (paramedian approach) | 58 (39-91)/ 41 (10-205) | VAS back: 15 to 14 VAS leg: 85 to 10 ODI: 84 to 21 NASS pain: 4.5 to 2.1 NASS neurology: 2.3 to 2.3 RTW 52 days | ||
| Ruetten et al, 2008 lumbar (median, lateral, extraforaminal) | endoscopic interlaminar or transforaminal sequestrectomy | 22 (13-46)/ 0 | VAS back: 19 to 11 VAS leg: 75 to 8 ODI: 75 to 20 NASS pain: 4.6 to 2.1 NASS neurology: 3.1 to 2.1 RTW 25 days | 9 overall (9.9%) 6 for recurrent herniation 2 for repeated recurrence 1 fusion for progressive LBP | transient postoperative dysesthesia: 3 serious complications: 0 |
| ** 13 over all poor outcomes no subgroupings | microsurgical sequestrectomy (paramedian or lateral) | 43 (34-72)/ 45 (5-235) | VAS back: 15 to 18 VAS leg: 71 to 9 ODI: 73 to 24 NASS pain: 4.2 to 2.3 NASS neurology: 2.9 to 1.9 RTW 49 days | 10 overall (11.5%) 5 for recurrent herniation 5 fusions for progressive LBP | transient postoperative dysesthesia: 5 postoperative bleeding: 2 delayed wound-healing: 2 soft tissue infection: 1 transient urinary retention: 3 serious complications: 0 |