Bitcoin as concept was coined in 2009 and can be described as a partly open and shared
transactional database. What makes bitcoin unique is that for the first time, we can prove and …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Expandable cages (EXP) are being more frequently utilized in
transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions (TLIF). EXP were designed to reduce complications …

Study Design. Retrospective review of a single-center spine database. Objective. Investigate
the intersections of chronological age and physiological age via frailty to determine the …

… Zhong, Jack BA a ; O’Connell, Brooke MS a ; Balouch, Eaman MD, PhD a ; Stickley,
Carolyn BS a ; Leon, Carlos ME a ; O’Malley, Nicholas BS a ; Protopsaltis, Themistocles S …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT The advantages of lateral single position surgery (LSPS) in the
perioperative period has previously been demonstrated, however 2-year postoperative …

Purpose This study compares perioperative and 1-year outcomes of lateral decubitus single
position circumferential fusion (L-SPS) versus minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar …

Background Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2, or BMP for short)
is a popular biological product used in spine surgeries to promote fusion and avoid the …

Study Design. Retrospective cohort analysis. Objective. To compare outcomes of plastic versus
spine surgeon wound closure in revision 1 to 4 level thoracolumbar fusions. Summary of …

The media have always played a central role in organising the way ideas flow through societies.
But what happens when those ideas are disruptive to normal social relations? Bringing …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Diabetic patients with elevated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) are at
higher risk of developing complications after surgery than their nondiabetic peers. This is …