Research ArticleFull Length Article
Open Access

Metal wear particles: What we know, what we do not know, and why

Fabrizio Billi, Paul Benya, Edward Ebramzadeh, Pat Campbell, Frank Chan and Harry A. McKellop
International Journal of Spine Surgery January 2009, 3 (4) 133-142; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esas.2009.11.006

Article Information

vol. 3 no. 4 133-142
DOI 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esas.2009.11.006
Published By 
International Journal of Spine Surgery
Online ISSN 
2211-4599
History 
  • Published online January 1, 2009.
Copyright & Usage 
© 2009 SAS - The International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Author Information

  1. Fabrizio Billi, PhDa,*,
  2. Paul Benya, PhDa,
  3. Edward Ebramzadeh, PhDa,
  4. Pat Campbell, PhDa,
  5. Frank Chan, PhDb and
  6. Harry A. McKellop, PhDa
  1. aOrthopaedic Hospital – UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
  2. bMedtronic, Memphis, TN
  1. ↵* Corresponding author: Fabrizio Billi, PhD, Orthopaedic Hospital – UCLA, 2400 S. Flower Street -5th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90007-2629. E-mail address: fbilli{at}laoh.ucla.edu
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Metal wear particles: What we know, what we do not know, and why
Fabrizio Billi, Paul Benya, Edward Ebramzadeh, Pat Campbell, Frank Chan, Harry A. McKellop
International Journal of Spine Surgery Jan 2009, 3 (4) 133-142; DOI: 10.1016/j.esas.2009.11.006
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