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History
- Published online November 20, 2024.
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- Latest version (November 15, 2024 - 07:18).
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This manuscript is generously published free of charge by ISASS, the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery. Copyright © 2024 ISASS. To see more or order reprints or permissions, see http://ijssurgery.com.
Author Information
- Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, MD, Full Professor of Orthopedic Surgery (Professor Titular)1,2,3,4,†⇑,
- Christian Morgenstern, MD5,
- Martin Knight, MD, Consultant Endoscopic Spine Surgeon, Senior Lecturer Manchester University, The Medical Director, The Spinal Foundation6,
- Yi Jiang, MD7,
- Zhang Xifeng, MD8,‡,
- Paulo Sergio Terxeira de Carvalho, MD, PHD, Spine Surgery & Pain Professor da9,§ and
- Morgan P. Lorio, MD, FACS10,¶
- 1 Division Personalized Pain Research and Education, Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona, Banner Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- 3 Department of Orthopaedics, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá D.C., Bogotá, Colombia
- 4 Department of Orthopedics, Hospital Universitário Gaffree Guinle Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 5 Department of Orthopaedics, Teknon Medical Center, Barcelona, Spain
- 6 The Weymouth Hospital, London, UK
- 7 Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, China
- 8 Department of Orthopedics, First Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- 9 Department of Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 10 Advanced Orthopedics, Altamonte Springs, Orlando College of Osteopathic Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
- Correspondence to Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Division of Personalized Pain Research and Education, Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona, 4787 E Camp Lowell Dr, Tuson, AZ 85712, USA; business{at}tucsonspine.com