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- Published online November 20, 2024.
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- Latest version (November 15, 2024 - 07:18).
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This manuscript is generously published free of charge by ISASS, the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery. Copyright © 2024 ISASS. To see more or order reprints or permissions, see http://ijssurgery.com.
Author Information
- Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, MD, Full Professor of Orthopedic Surgery (Professor Titular)1,2,3,4,†⇑,
- Zhen-Zhou Li, MD, Senior Department of Orthopedics5,‡,
- Xinyu Liu, MD, Professor Department of Orthopaedics6,
- Zhang Xifeng, MD7,§,
- Brian Kwon, MD8,
- Álvaro Dowling, MD, Orthopaedic Spine Surgeon, Director of Endoscopic Spine Clinic, Santiago, Chile, Visiting Professor9,10,¶,
- Martin Knight, MD, Consultant Endoscopic Spine Surgeon, Senior Lecturer Manchester University, The Medical Director11,
- Paulo Sergio Terxeira de Carvalho, MD, PHD, Spine Surgery & Pain Professor12,**,
- Choll Kim, MD, PHD13,
- Gregory W. Basil, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery, Director Endoscopic Spine Surgery14,
- Gabriel Oswaldo Alonso Cuéllar, DVM, EᴅM, MSᴄ15,16,
- Christian Morgenstern, MD17,
- John Ongulade, DO, Assistant Professor of Neurological Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery18,
- Yi Jiang, MD19,
- Dr Kenyu Ito, MD20,††,
- João Paulo Bergamaschi, MD21,‡‡,
- Jin-Sung L. Kim, MD, PHD, Professor, Spine Center22,§§,
- Jorge F. Ramirez, MD, Orthopedic Surgeon23,24,25,¶¶,
- Joachim Oertel, MD26,***,
- John C. Elfar, MD27,
- Abduljabbar Alhammoud, MD28,
- Nicholas A. Bonazza, MD, MHA28,
- Benedikt W. Burkhardt, MD29,†††,
- Rossano Kepler Alvim Fiorelli, MD, PHD, Full Professor and Chairman30,‡‡‡,
- Sergio Luis Schmidt, MD, PHD31 and
- Morgan P. Lorio, MD32,33,§§§
- 1 Division Personalized Pain Research and Education, Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona, Banner Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- 3 Dr. honoris causa Department of Orthopedics at Hospital Universitário Gaffree Guinle, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 4 Department of Orthopedics, Hospital Universitário Gaffree Guinle Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 5 Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- 6 Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
- 7 Department of Orthopedics, First Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- 8 Department of Orthopaedics, New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 9 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- 10 Spine Center, Endoscopic Spine Clinic, Santiago, Chile
- 11 The Spinal Foundation, Manchester University, The Weymouth Hospital, London, UK
- 12 Department of Neurosurgery, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 13 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCSD Medical Center East Campus, Excell Spine Center, San Diego, CA, USA
- 14 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- 15 Department of Orthopaedics, Clínica Reina Sofía – Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- 16 Latin American Endoscopic Spine Surgeons LESS Invasiva Academy, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- 17 Morgenstern Institute of Spine, Teknon Medical Center, Barcelona, Spain
- 18 Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- 19 Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, China
- 20 Department of Spinal Surgery, Aichi Spine Institute, Fuso-cho Niwa-gun Aichi, Japan
- 21 Orthopaedic Spine Surgery, Atualli Spine Care, São Paulo, Brazil
- 22 Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- 23 Department of Orthopaedic, Minimally Invasive Spine Center, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- 24 Department of Orthopaedics, Reina Sofía Clinic, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- 25 Department of Orthopaedics, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- 26 Neurosschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes Neurosschirurgie, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
- 27 Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- 28 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- 29 Wirbelsäulenzentrum/Spine Center, WSC Hirslanden Klinik Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- 30 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 31 Department of Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 32 Advanced Orthopedics, Altamonte Springs, Orlando, FL, USA
- 33 Orlando College of Osteopathic Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
- Correspondence to Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Division Personalized Pain Research and Education, Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona, 4787 E Camp Lowell Dr, Tucson, AZ 85712, USA; business{at}tucsonspine.com