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- Published online August 14, 2023.
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This manuscript is generously published free of charge by ISASS, the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery. Copyright © 2023 ISASS. To see more or order reprints or permissions, see http://ijssurgery.com.
Author Information
- Morgan Lorio, MD1⇑,
- Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, MD2,3,4,
- Domagoj Coric, MD5,
- Frank Phillips, MD6 and
- Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD7
- 1 Advanced Orthopedics, Altamonte Springs, FL, USA
- 2 Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona, The Surgical Institute of Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- 3 Department of Orthopedics, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- 4 Department of Orthopedics Hospital Universitário Gaffre e Guinle, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- 5 Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System and Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Charlotte, NC, USA
- 6 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- 7 Spine Division, Duke Neurosurgery, Duham, NC, USA
- Correspondence to Morgan Lorio, Advanced Orthopedics, 499 E. Central Pkwy, Ste. 130, Altamonte Springs, FL 32701, USA; mloriomd{at}gmail.com
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- Article
- Abstract
- MECHANICAL CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- PREVALENCE
- ROLE OF MUSCLES IN LBP
- CURRENT TREATMENTS FOR CLBP
- REVIEW OF RESTORATIVE NEUROSTIMULATION
- PATIENT SELECTION CHARACTERISTICS
- CLINICAL EVIDENCE SUMMARY
- COMBINED OUTCOMES OF ReActiv8-A, ReActiv8-B, ReActiv8-C, AND ReActiv8-A-PMCF—1- TO 4-YEAR COMPLETERS
- GUIDANCE ON APPROPRIATE COVERAGE CRITERIA
- CURRENT COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TREATMENT OF CLBP
- CODING FOR RESTORATIVE NEUROSTIMULATION
- CONCLUSION
- LIMITATIONS
- Footnotes
- References
- Figures & Data
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